Water base mud
Consists of:
1-Liquid water, continuous phase
2-Reactive solids, for viscosity and yield point
3-Inert solids, for density
4- Chemical additives, to control properties
Hydration of clays
•Clays with high cation exchange capacity exchange large amount of water into the exchangeable layer and adsorb water onto the outer surface of plates
•This effect gives high viscosity and high yield point...
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
Monday, March 12, 2012
Drilling Fluids Functions
–They
1-Cool the drill bit and lubricate its teeth 2-Lubricate and cool drill string 3-Control formation the pressure 4-Carry cutting to the surface 5-Stabilize the well bore 6-Help in the well logs 7-limitting corrosion
1-Cool bit and lubricate its teeth
•Drilling action requires mechanical...
Thursday, March 8, 2012
Perforation (6)(SAFETY PROCEDURES)
2.7. GENERAL SAFETY
PROCEDURES
The following comments are applicable to both TCP and wireline conveyed
methods.
Additional comments are given in section specific to wireline conveyed
perforating.
a) All perforating operations, since they involve the handling and use
of explosives and possibly radioactive materials, require special safety procedures
to be strictly observed at all times.
b) Perforating operations...
perforation (5)(WIRELINE DEPTH CONTROL)
WIRELINE DEPTH CONTROL
Depth control for perforating is almost
universally obtained through radioactivity instruments run in the cased hole in
conjunction with the Casing Collar Locator (CCL). The Gamma Ray Log is
generally used (Figure B28) though, in some cases, the Neutron Log or both
Gamma Ray and Neutron are run. Accurate correlation...
Perforation (3) (Explosives Classifications)
Explosives Classifications
Explosives were invented
first by the Chinese in the 10th century, then independently by the Arabs in
the 13th century. The low explosive, or black powder, was characterized by slow
reaction rates, 500 to 1500 m/sec, and relatively low combustion pressure. Much
later, in 1846, the first high explosive was...
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