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Showing posts with label Drilling Fluids. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Drilling Fluids. Show all posts
Friday, March 16, 2012
Horizontal drilling methods(Reason and methods )
The choice of drilling method depends upon:
— Cost,
—Well spacing and
—Mechanical conditions
of a vertical well bore
—In addition,
reservoir consideration.
—
BUILD RATES
—Ultra-short Radius
—Short Radius
—Medium Radius
—Long Radius
ULTRA-SHORT RADIUS
—45 to 90 degrees per
foot
—Special...
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
Properties of mud
Properties of mud
Plastic Viscosity (PV)
•Control the magnitude of shear stress develops as one layer of fluid slides over another.
•Measure of friction between layers.
• Provides a scale of the fluid thickness.
• Decreases with increasing temperature; with liquids; the reverse with gasses .
•Effective viscosity depends...
Emulsion mud
Emulsion mud •Water is a continuous (normal oil 5-10% by volume)•Formulated by using sodium soap as emulsifier•Oil is added to increase penetration rate:oil mud allows to drill faster than watermud • reduce filter loss,•improve lubricity,• reduce lost circulation •reduce torque and drag in directional well •The stability of emulsion mud is very important to insure best performance. The degree of stability of a certain...
oil base mud
oil base mud •Water in oil emulsion•Diesel or crude oil forms its continuous phase•Sometimes called invert emulsion•Water droplets are emulsified in oil•Water is used for gel strength and barite content•Soaps are used as emulsifiers•Soups are made from monovalent ion (Na+) or divalent ion•(Ca++)•The soap molecule bridge together oil and water interfaces•Agitation is required to break the water into small droplets•Oil/water...
Water base mud
Water base mud
Consists of:
1-Liquid water, continuous phase
2-Reactive solids, for viscosity and yield point
3-Inert solids, for density
4- Chemical additives, to control properties
Hydration of clays
•Clays with high cation exchange capacity exchange large amount of water into the exchangeable layer and adsorb water onto the outer surface of plates
•This effect gives high viscosity and high yield point...
Monday, March 12, 2012
Drilling Fluids Functions
–They
1-Cool the drill bit and lubricate its teeth 2-Lubricate and cool drill string 3-Control formation the pressure 4-Carry cutting to the surface 5-Stabilize the well bore 6-Help in the well logs 7-limitting corrosion
1-Cool bit and lubricate its teeth
•Drilling action requires mechanical...
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