Properties of mud

Properties of mud  Plastic Viscosity (PV) •Control the magnitude of shear stress develops as one layer of fluid slides over another. •Measure of friction between layers. • Provides a scale of the fluid thickness. • Decreases with increasing temperature; with liquids; the reverse with gasses . •Effective viscosity depends...

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Emulsion mud

Emulsion mud •Water is a continuous (normal oil 5-10% by volume)•Formulated by using sodium soap as emulsifier•Oil is added to increase penetration rate:oil mud allows to drill faster than watermud • reduce filter loss,•improve lubricity,• reduce lost circulation •reduce torque and drag in directional well •The stability of emulsion mud is very important to insure best performance. The degree of stability of a certain...

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oil base mud

oil base mud •Water in oil emulsion•Diesel or crude oil forms its continuous phase•Sometimes called invert emulsion•Water droplets are emulsified in oil•Water is used for gel strength and barite content•Soaps are used as emulsifiers•Soups are made from monovalent ion (Na+) or divalent ion•(Ca++)•The soap molecule bridge together oil and water interfaces•Agitation is required to break the water into small droplets•Oil/water...

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Water base mud

Water base mud Consists of: 1-Liquid water, continuous phase 2-Reactive solids, for viscosity and yield point 3-Inert solids, for density 4- Chemical additives, to control properties Hydration of clays •Clays with high cation exchange capacity exchange large amount of water into the exchangeable layer and adsorb water onto the outer surface of plates •This effect gives high viscosity and high yield point...

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Drilling Fluids Functions

–They     1-Cool the drill bit and lubricate its teeth 2-Lubricate and cool drill string 3-Control formation the pressure 4-Carry cutting to the surface 5-Stabilize the well bore 6-Help in the well logs 7-limitting corrosion 1-Cool bit and lubricate its teeth    •Drilling action requires mechanical...

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